SBA Renal Conditions
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A 72-year-old man presents with urinary hesitancy, weak stream, and a PSA of 30 ng/mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Prostate Cancer
Elevated PSA and urinary symptoms in older men are highly suggestive of prostate cancer.
A 65-year-old smoker presents with painless haematuria and weight loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Renal Tract Cancer
Painless haematuria is a red flag for malignancy, particularly in smokers or those with weight loss.
A 25-year-old man presents with a painless lump in his testicle. Ultrasound confirms an intratesticular mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Testicular Cancer
Painless intratesticular masses in young men are highly suggestive of testicular cancer.
A 45-year-old man presents with severe flank pain radiating to the groin and haematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)
Colicky flank pain radiating to the groin is classic for kidney stones.
A 65-year-old woman reports urinary leakage when coughing and sneezing. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Stress Incontinence
Leakage with increased abdominal pressure is characteristic of stress incontinence.
A 2-year-old boy has an undescended testicle. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism refers to an undescended testicle, common in young boys.
A 22-year-old man presents with a soft, fluid-filled scrotal mass that transilluminates. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Hydrocele
A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac around the testicle, often painless and transilluminates on examination.
A 14-year-old boy presents with acute scrotal pain and a high-riding testicle. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Testicular Torsion
Acute scrotal pain with a high-riding testicle is classic for testicular torsion, requiring emergency intervention.
A 10-year-old boy presents with painful swelling of the foreskin that cannot be retracted. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Phimosis
Phimosis refers to the inability to retract the foreskin, often causing discomfort or infection.
A 35-year-old man presents with a family history of kidney disease and multiple renal cysts on ultrasound. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct answer: Polycystic Kidney Disease
Polycystic kidney disease is characterised by multiple renal cysts and is often familial.
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