1. A 28-year-old woman presents with fever, chills, and dysuria. A urine dipstick shows leukocytes and nitrites. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Urinary tract infection
• B. Pyelonephritis
• C. Gonorrhoea
• D. Cystitis

Explanation: Presence of leukocytes and nitrites on dipstick with dysuria suggests a lower urinary tract infection.

2. A 22-year-old man presents with a painless genital ulcer and inguinal lymphadenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Primary syphilis
• B. Genital herpes
• C. Chlamydia
• D. Gonorrhoea

Explanation: A painless genital ulcer is characteristic of primary syphilis.

3. A 35-year-old man presents with a productive cough, night sweats, and weight loss over 2 months. A chest X-ray shows upper lobe cavitation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Tuberculosis
• B. Pneumonia
• C. Lung cancer
• D. Sarcoidosis

Explanation: Chronic cough, night sweats, weight loss, and cavitation on CXR suggest tuberculosis.

4. A 6-year-old child presents with a "slapped cheek" rash on the face. What is the causative organism?

• A. Parvovirus B19
• B. Measles virus
• C. Rubella virus
• D. Varicella-zoster virus

Explanation: "Slapped cheek" appearance is typical of erythema infectiosum caused by Parvovirus B19.

5. A 70-year-old man presents with a painful vesicular rash along the T4 dermatome. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Herpes zoster (shingles)
• B. Herpes simplex
• C. Erysipelas
• D. Contact dermatitis

Explanation: A vesicular rash following a dermatome is characteristic of herpes zoster.

6. A 4-year-old child presents with a high fever, cough, and a maculopapular rash starting on the face and spreading downwards. What is the diagnosis?

• A. Measles
• B. Rubella
• C. Scarlet fever
• D. Chickenpox

Explanation: Measles presents with a rash starting on the face, fever, and cough.

7. A 25-year-old woman presents with foul-smelling vaginal discharge, dysuria, and itching. What is the likely causative organism?

• A. Trichomonas vaginalis
• B. Chlamydia trachomatis
• C. Candida albicans
• D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Explanation: Trichomoniasis presents with foul-smelling discharge and dysuria.

8. A 40-year-old man with HIV presents with a dry cough, fever, and hypoxia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
• B. Tuberculosis
• C. Bacterial pneumonia
• D. Aspergillosis

Explanation: Pneumocystis pneumonia is common in immunocompromised patients with HIV.

9. A 30-year-old woman presents with severe watery diarrhoea after returning from a trip to India. What is the likely organism?

• A. Vibrio cholerae
• B. E. coli
• C. Giardia lamblia
• D. Salmonella

Explanation: Cholera causes severe watery diarrhoea, especially in travellers.

10. A 10-year-old boy presents with a sandpaper-like rash, sore throat, and strawberry tongue. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Scarlet fever
• B. Measles
• C. Rubella
• D. Kawasaki disease

Explanation: Scarlet fever presents with a sandpaper rash, sore throat, and strawberry tongue.