SBA Haem Conditions
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A 65-year-old woman presents with fatigue, glossitis, and paraesthesia. Blood tests reveal macrocytic anaemia and low serum B12 levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with macrocytic anaemia, neurological symptoms, and glossitis.
A 30-year-old female presents with fatigue and pallor. Blood tests reveal microcytic hypochromic anaemia and low ferritin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common cause of microcytic hypochromic anaemia.
A 12-year-old boy with sickle cell disease presents with sudden onset chest pain, dyspnoea, and fever. What is the most likely complication?
Answer: Acute Chest Syndrome
Acute chest syndrome is a life-threatening complication of sickle cell disease requiring urgent treatment.
A 25-year-old woman presents with recurrent nosebleeds and heavy menstrual bleeding. Blood tests reveal a normal platelet count but prolonged bleeding time. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Von Willebrand's Disease
Von Willebrand's disease is a common inherited bleeding disorder affecting platelet function.
A 70-year-old man presents with fatigue and pruritus. Blood tests reveal elevated haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. JAK2 mutation is positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Polycythaemia Vera
Polycythaemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder characterised by elevated red blood cell mass.
A 60-year-old woman with sepsis develops oozing from venipuncture sites and widespread bruising. Blood tests reveal prolonged PT, APTT, and thrombocytopenia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
DIC is a serious condition characterised by widespread coagulation and bleeding.
A 35-year-old woman undergoing chemotherapy presents with fever and a neutrophil count <0.5 x 10⁹/L. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
Answer: Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics
Neutropenic sepsis is a medical emergency requiring urgent antibiotic therapy.
A patient develops fever, chills, and hypotension shortly after receiving a blood transfusion. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Transfusion Reaction
Acute transfusion reactions require immediate cessation of transfusion and supportive care.
A 40-year-old man presents with unexplained bruising, fatigue, and recurrent infections. Blood tests reveal pancytopenia. What is the most likely underlying cause?
Answer: Aplastic Anaemia
Aplastic anaemia often results from bone marrow failure or infiltration.
A 28-year-old woman on anticoagulation for a pulmonary embolism develops excessive bleeding. What is the most appropriate next step?
Answer: Reversal of anticoagulation
Reversal agents such as vitamin K or protamine sulphate are used to manage bleeding complications.
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