SBA ABG Interpretation 10 Single Best Answer (SBA)
1. A 28-year-old female with anxiety presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.50, PaCO2 3.2 kPa, HCO3 22 mmol/L, PaO2 14 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The elevated pH (7.50) indicates alkalosis, and the decreased PaCO2 (3.2 kPa) suggests a respiratory cause. The HCO3 is within the normal range, indicating no metabolic compensation.
2. A 65-year-old male with COPD presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.35, PaCO2 7.0 kPa, HCO3 28 mmol/L, PaO2 9 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The elevated PaCO2 (7.0 kPa) and low PaO2 (9 kPa) indicate respiratory failure, and the high HCO3 suggests partial compensation. This pattern is characteristic of type 2 respiratory failure, often caused by COPD.
3. A 60-year-old female with chronic kidney disease and recent vomiting presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.38, PaCO2 5.2 kPa, HCO3 20 mmol/L, PaO2 12 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The normal pH with decreased HCO3 (20 mmol/L) suggests metabolic acidosis, while the slightly increased PaCO2 (5.2 kPa) indicates a respiratory component. This suggests a mixed disorder.
4. A 55-year-old male with diabetic ketoacidosis presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.25, PaCO2 3.5 kPa, HCO3 14 mmol/L, PaO2 12 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The decreased pH (7.25) and low HCO3 (14 mmol/L) suggest a metabolic cause of acidosis. The decreased PaCO2 (3.5 kPa) indicates respiratory compensation.
5. A 75-year-old male with a history of COPD presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.30, PaCO2 8.0 kPa, HCO3 28 mmol/L, PaO2 8 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The decreased pH (7.30) and elevated PaCO2 (8.0 kPa) suggest a respiratory cause of acidosis. The elevated HCO3 indicates partial metabolic compensation.
6. A 55-year-old male presents with shortness of breath. ABG results: pH 7.40, PaCO2 5.0 kPa, HCO3 24 mmol/L, PaO2 8 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The PaO2 is decreased (8 kPa), indicating hypoxaemia. The pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 are within normal ranges, suggesting no acid-base disturbance.
7. A 70-year-old female with a history of heart failure presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.45, PaCO2 4.6 kPa, HCO3 24 mmol/L, PaO2 7.5 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: Type 1 respiratory failure is characterised by hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 10 kPa) with a normal or low PaCO2. The PaCO2 and HCO3 are within normal ranges, indicating no acid-base disturbance.
8. A 55-year-old female with severe pneumonia presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.30, PaCO2 8.0 kPa, HCO3 24 mmol/L, PaO2 6.5 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The elevated PaCO2 (8.0 kPa) and low PaO2 (6.5 kPa) indicate type 2 respiratory failure. The pH is decreased, suggesting acidosis, and the HCO3 is normal, indicating no metabolic compensation.
9. A 60-year-old male presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.60, PaCO2 2.5 kPa, HCO3 22 mmol/L, PaO2 12 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The elevated pH (7.60) and low PaCO2 (2.5 kPa) indicate respiratory alkalosis. The HCO3 is normal, indicating no metabolic compensation.
10. A 70-year-old male with a history of chronic renal failure presents with the following ABG results: pH 7.20, PaCO2 4.5 kPa, HCO3 16 mmol/L, PaO2 11 kPa. What is the diagnosis?
Answer:
Explanation: The decreased pH (7.20) and low HCO3 (16 mmol/L) suggest a metabolic cause of acidosis. The PaCO2 is normal, indicating no respiratory compensation.
Total Score: 0/10